Currently, rail transport plays an important role in the functioning and development of commodity market all over the world, to meet the needs of the people in the movement. It is a major component of the transport system of every country. The special role of railways is defined by long distances of transport; lack of inland waterways in the main messages the East – West, end of navigation on the rivers in winter, remoteness placing the main industrial and agricultural centers of the sea lanes. In this regard, they accounted for almost 50% of cargo and more than 46% of passenger traffic of all modes of transport of the country.

The main scopes of rail transport are the mass transport of goods and passengers in inter-district, inter-city and suburban traffic, with the prevailing freight.

Techno-economic features and advantages of rail transport are in follow things:
possibility of building on any land area with the help of bridges, tunnels and ferries;
implementation of the railway connection with separated, including islands, territories (as, for example, between the mainland and Sakhalin Island);
mass transportation and high capacity of railways;
universality for transportation of various cargo and the possibility of bulk cargo and passengers at high speed;
regular service, regardless of the season, time of day and weather;
the possibility of establishing a direct link between large enterprises on the access roads and ensuring the delivery of goods on a “door to door” without costly transshipments;
compared to the waterway, usually it is shorter route freight;
relatively low transportation costs compared to other modes of transport other than pipeline.

Rail transport will continue to be the leading mode of transport of many countries.
Industry has a large number of industrial, construction, trade, scientific, design, and educational organizations and businesses, a solid social sphere. In recent years, railroads have greater economic independence, and many of their industrial and utility-subsidiary companies stood out from the system MEA after corporatization and privatization.

Rail transport is divided into:
public transport – transport, carrying cargo and passengers, whoever they were charged;
trunk, or external transport provides economic services between producers and consumers of goods and transports passengers;
departmental operations – transport, carrying out transportation of its departments or enterprises;
intra transport satisfies mainly technological needs of production within individual enterprises.

The railways have tracks in their composition. Railroad common are rail lines, which carry the railway stations, open to perform the operations for the reception and departure of trains, receiving and issuing of goods, production shunting.

The railway station can be divided into common areas and places of not common use.

Common areas – indoor and outdoor storage, as well as sites specifically allocated in the railway station, belonging to the railroad and used to perform the operations of loading, unloading, sorting, storing goods.

Places of not general use – indoor and outdoor storage, as well as sites specifically allocated in the railway station not owned by railroad or put it in the rental and used to perform the operations of loading, unloading cargo. Places of not common use may be located outside the railway station.

Railway tracks, in turn, include rail sidings adjacent to the railroad tracks for general use and designed to serve certain shippers, consignees.

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