In developing strategies for transport services you should base on an analysis of freight flows in this direction and on modes of transport, cargo equipment and vehicles at the disposal of individuals and firms involved in transportation. This requires appropriate classification of transported goods and means of transportation processes.
We will speak about two main types of transport: rail and water (sea and river) one.

Rail. It provides cost-effective transport of bulk goods, while offering some additional services, so that he held a near monopoly position in the transport market. And only the rapid development of road transport in 70-90-ies. XX century led to a reduction of its relative share in total income and total transport turnover.

The value of the railways is still determined by their ability to effectively and relatively cheap to transport large volumes of cargo over long distances. Rail transportation with high fixed costs in connection with the high cost of rail tracks, rolling stock, marshalling yards and depots. This variable part of the costs of the railways is low.

The bulk of rail freight offers export of mineral resources (coal, ore, etc.) from the sources of production, far away from waterways.

More recently, there was a tendency toward specialization of rail, which is associated with the desire to improve the quality of their services. So three-tiered platforms for transport vehicles, two-story container platformы, articulated trucks, trains for special purposes appeared. The special purpose is a freight train, all the cars which are designed to carry one type of product, such as coal. Such compositions are more economical and faster than traditional mixed, because they can, passing yards, continue straight to the destination. Articulated cars have long chassis, which can take up to 10 containers in one flexible coupling, which reduces the load the car and reduces the time needed for reloading. Two-high container platforms, as the name implies, can be loaded in containers in two tiers, which doubles the cargo capacity of rolling stock. Such technical solutions are helping the railways to reduce cargo load of cars to increase capacity on trains and facilitate the processes of loading and unloading.

Water transport. It accepted the separation of the deep (ocean, sea) shipping and internal (river). The main advantage of water transport – is the ability to carry very large loads. It uses two types of vessels: the deep (need to port with deep water) and diesel barges (have greater flexibility). The main disadvantage of water transport is the limited functionality and low speed. The reason is that, for the delivery of goods in and out of ports people have to use rail or truck, except when the place of departure and destination are on the same waterway. Thus water transport characterized large capacity and low variable costs, benefits to shippers, for which low freight rates are important and speed of delivery is of secondary importance.

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