High popularization of private motor transport leads to occurrence of set of problems in densely populated cities. Kilometer stoppers, a chaotic heap of cars in inhabited sector in the absence of the ordered parking spaces, high degree of air pollution and other troubles became the integral companions of nowadays. The developed countries try to solve arising problems with variable success. However it is still not found a universal method.
The correct organization of parkings is most an acute problem as movement expectation in a stopper we still can understand, but …

Columns in garage often settle down between numbers of places of parking on differentiating lines and thus do not interfere with garage operation. Such arrangement also allows applying economic console overlapping. If small bays are necessary it is possible columns to have in a zone of places of storage between separate cars, whenever possible out of a zone of opening of doors of cars. Such placing only slightly limits possibilities of movement of cars. In practice are applied bays from 4 to 18 m, and the smaller sizes concern ferro-concrete …

Let’s say some words about movement of pedestrians in social garages. Ladders are necessary for vertical moving of pedestrians to garage and lifts. Ladders as evacuation ways should have width not less than 1 m. In one or several main staircases the useful width of a march about 1,5 m. Depending on number of floors and storage places is recommended one or several lifts. Taking into account invalids installation a minimum of 1 lift is provided. In a lift cabin should be located a stretcher in length of 2,1 m …

The mechanized garages. The constructive decision of a building of the mechanized garage directly depends on system of storage and sizes set by the customer. As a whole it is possible to notice that the mechanized garages with rhythmical system of operation, as a rule, demand the big memory platforms, than similar ramp constructions. Besides, it is necessary to watch, that number of places of the storage served by one transporting device, it was not too great.
On storage circles in the mechanized garages drivers are not supposed, as a rule. …

On floors of very large garages or in garages with the ramp system demanding driving along all floor therefore there is an intensive through movement, it is recommended to appoint the sizes of places of storage and driving not less established by Garage rules, and at necessity raised that provides unobstructed operation and excludes excessive hindrances for movement of cars driving and leaving from other floors.
Application of design recommendations about a lay-out of places of parking and thoroughfares, and also corresponding placing distributive and modular thoroughfares allows to dismember the …

In this article I would like to speak about columns and other building designs. The most important constructive element of garages is the step of columns. For such transport construction as the garage, with a view of maintenance of sufficient freedom of movement and the best use of the area of storage is desirable, probably, bigger step of columns exceeding on the size width of thoroughfare and length of places of parking from two sides from it. The decision on increase in a step of columns should be accepted only …

The closed protecting designs reduce expenses for garage heating, the device of special ventilation however demand: for removal of the fulfilled gases, especially in regular, peak loadings when the average level of the maintenance of carbonic oxide makes about 100 cm3/m3. This problem remains for basement floors and underground constructions. The powerful artificial forced-air and exhaust ventilation becomes unnecessary when cars are transported to places of parking and back by means of mechanical devices as thus engines of cars are switched off.
Usually in external walls of the closed garages apertures …

Storage platforms. In garages with the control on entrance and departure are necessary big enough storage platforms before entrance and after departure. The storage platform before entrance should provide alignment of fluctuations in intensity of arriving transport (for example, because of the nearest traffic lights) in comparison with rather constant productivity of serving devices on entrance. On departure from garage the place for placing of cars after service for a certain time is required (for example for signal change with the nearest traffic light), before possibility occurrence to join the …

Storage circles. The movement organization on one of floors of land or underground garage depends on the form and position of stages, and also from a layout of places of parking and width of thoroughfares. For the successful organization of movement with the good review following criteria, which are recommended, to be considered by project working out are important:
One-way traffic maintenance on all thoroughfares;
Prevention of an oncoming traffic and transport “bags”;
The organization of movement with the left curves for standard cars, with a wheel located at the left side. Such …

Application of ferro-concrete designs with usual or preliminary intense reinforcing allows carrying out building of garage by three ways:
From the monolithic concrete stacked in the usual way, — the timbering device, packing of armature and concreting of building elements, designed according to static calculations and constructive requirements;
From the modular elements prepared for installation, — modular elements which, as a rule, are produced at factories, are transported, established and filled in with concrete in the necessary position;
From monolithic concrete and modular designs in a corresponding combination, if necessary also with application …