Transport is the most important link in economic relations. It is involved in creating of products and delivering it to consumers, provides the link between production and consumption, between different industries, between countries and regions. It affects the development of the economy as a consumer of metal, energy, timber, rubber and other products. More than 100 million people in a world work in the system of transport.

Sea transport is used for external relations. Only in some countries such as USA, Russia, China, Canada, Turkey, France, maritime transport provides internal transportation. This transport carries more than 80% foreign trade goods. This is the cheapest mode of transport because the exploitation of maritime requires greater network costs, as in other types of transport. Modern ships can carry cargo of any size and weight.

Most of cargo of the maritime transport accounted for liquid cargo – oil and petroleum products. Dry-cargo vessels have a smaller share. In their basic structure bulk is dominated, then – general and secondary mass.

The main condition for safe operation of the world’s mercantile fleet is its constant renewal, increase tonnage of vessels, increase engine power, increase speed, automation, and improved environmental performance. Densities of vessels aged over 10 years are more than 1 / 3 of the world fleet over 25 years – 1 / 20. In developing countries and countries in Eastern Europe there is a tendency to increase the share of older vessels, which increases the risk of shipping.

The structure of marine transport is dominated by specialized vessels – tankers, bulk carriers, reefers, timbers. Tankers make up the greater part of half the world’s fleet, which is associated with the development of world oil market.

Most courts are designed according to the navigation (navigation mode) and under certain type of cargo. Some ships are only for passengers, more ships are used to transport passengers and cargo (cargo), but the bulk of courts specialize in cargo transportation. There are four main types of marine vessels: 1) cargo ship (bulkers, liquid, combination, etc..) that perform certain booking or operate on regular routes, 2) cargo ship, 3) high-speed passenger liners, which have two or three classes for passengers, mail and luggage compartment, 4) a small number of comfortable high-speed vessels intended only for passengers and mail.

Merchant service is a set of ships, together with their personnel engaged in commercial activities. Marine cargo ships have always been an important part of merchant fleet and its main support in the financial sense. Numerous and different vessels of merchant navy differ in type and purpose. Total number of vessels trading fleet is great and that it counted not only seagoing vessels, but many of those small vessels that serve the area a year, harbors and coast. Not only vessels and Floating warehouse are related to fleet sales – in the broadest sense of the term, but many coastal service: operational management authorities, repair and bunkering companies, marine insurance agency, and more than shipyards, docks, wharfs and warehouses.

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